This section provides a detailed analysis of taxa imported by the EU and candidate countries in 2014 that showed noteworthy patterns in wild-sourced or ranched trade, according to one or both of the following criteria: high volume of trade in 2014 or sharp increase in trade in 2014. The process of selection according to these criteria is summarised here.
A total of 60 taxa showed noteworthy trends in EU imports in 2014. Of these, reptiles had the highest number of taxa showing noteworthy trends (17), followed by invertebrates (13, including 10 coral taxa), mammals (12), plants (10, including 4 timber species), fish (6), amphibians (1) and birds (1). Seventy per cent of the taxa selected were also selected in the 2013 Analysis. Nine taxa showed noteworthy trends in candidate country imports in 2014: five bird and four mammal taxa.
Species that were selected according to the criteria outlined here on the basis of EU or candidate country imports are presented in the tables below; two coral taxa selected on the basis of EU imports recorded at the higher taxon level (i.e. genus and above) are included here. The tables below provide a summary of trade in 2014 for each species selected, and additional relevant information such as SRG opinions and quotas.
The trade accounts cover all direct trade in the sources included in the selection process (wild, ranched, unknown and unspecified), in all terms, as reported by the EU (in the case of species selected on the basis of EU imports) or candidate countries (in the case of species selected on the basis of candidate country imports). Trade levels 2005-2014 are presented graphically below for those species included in the table that were not selected in the 2013 Analysis or which show sharp increases in trade, with the exception of species selected on the basis of trade for scientific or reintroduction purposes and cases where minimal trade were reported in years prior to 2014.
Taxa showing noteworthy patterns of EU-reported direct imports from wild, ranched, unknown and unspecified sources in 2014 according to the criteria: high volume of trade, high volume of trade (globally threatened) or sharp increase in trade.
| Annex | [l]Appendix | [l]Taxon (Common name) | [l]IUCN Red List status* | [l]Selection criteria | [l]Previously selected (2010 onwards) | [l]Summary of trade | [l]Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANNEX A: MAMMALS | |||||||
| [l]A | [l]I | [l][i]Acinonyx jubatus[/i] (Cheetah) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2012, 2013 | [l]The vast majority of wild-sourced imports in 2014 comprised trophies and trophy parts (55 trophies, two skins, and one skull) reported as either purpose H or P, equating to 58 individuals. All were imported from Namibia. Imports of [i]A. jubatus[/i] trophy items varied little from 2013, but showed a decrease of 22% from 2012 levels. | [l]The population from Namibia was reviewed for SRG 57, following which a positive opinion was formed on 07/10/2011. Namibia published an export quota in 2014 for ’150 trophies (skins) and live specimens’, established through an annotation to the Appendix I listing of this species (see AC27 Doc. 18 Annex 2), of which imports by the EU accounted for 39%. |
| [l]A | [l]I | [l][i]Panthera pardus[/i] (Leopard) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 comprised trophy items equating to 163 individuals (150 trophies, seven skins and six skulls) reported as either purpose H or P, the majority of which were imported from Tanzania (36%), Namibia (24%) and Zimbabwe (20%). A permit analysis identified five cases where a skin and a skull were exported on the same permit, potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 158, a decrease of decreased by 16% relative to 2013. | [l]No quotas for the species were published by any countries in 2014. Resolution Conf. 10.14 (Rev. CoP16) lays out the numbers of skins that may be harvested for export per year by country. For both Zimbabwe and Tanzania, this number is 500 and for Namibia it is 250. |
| [l]A/B | [l]I/II | [l][i]Loxodonta africana[/i] (African elephant) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports of Annex A [i]L. africana[/i] in 2014 primarily comprised trophies and trophy parts reported as purpose H or P. These equated to approximately 61 individuals (48 trophies, 2 tails, 7 feet, 17 tusks). The top exporters of trophies and trophy parts to the EU in 2014 were Tanzania (50%) and Mozambique (49%). A permit analysis revealed a number of cases where multiple trophy parts were exported on the same export permit, potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 56, a decrease of 16% compared to 2013 to their lowest volume for the 2005-2014 period. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 59 and 68 following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Tanzania on 23/02/2012 and again on 24/10/2014 and 09/04/2015. A negative opinion for source W trophies was formed at SRG 72 on 02/07/2015 and most recently confirmed on 27/06/2016. Trade is closely monitored through the CITES process following Decision 14.78 (Rev. CoP16). [i]L. africana[/i] hunting trophies are subject to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97, as per Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/870. In 2014, Tanzania issued a quota of 200 tusks as trophies from 100 animals; 2 tusks were imported to the EU from Tanzania in 2014. A negative opinion for wild-sourced trophies from Mozambique was formed on 02/07/2014 and most recently confirmed on 27/06/2016. Mozambique issued a quota of 200 tusks as trophies from 100 animals; 15 tusks were imported to the EU from Mozambique in 2014 representing 8% of the quota |
| ANNEX B: MAMMALS | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Lama guanicoe[/i] (Guanaco) | [l]LC | [l]High volume; sharp increase | [l]2012 | [l]Imports in 2014 principally comprised 45 216 kg of wild-sourced meat for purpose T, In addition, 298 kg of fibres were also imported. No meat was imported in 2013; the volume of meat in 2014 was over double that reported in 2012. All meat imported between 2005 and 2014 was imported from Chile. | [l]The population of Chile was reviewed for SRG 70, following which a positive opinion for wild-sourced individuals from the population on the Guanaco Conservation and Management Program, Region XII, Magallanes, Tierra del Fuego, Chile was formed on 08/12/2014. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Hippopotamus amphibius[/i] (Hippopotamus) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010♦, 2011♦, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 primarily comprised trophies and trophy parts mainly from Zimbabwe (43%), Tanzania (22%) and South Africa (25%) (52 trophies, 13 skulls, two skins, 14 feet, 38 tusks and a tail), reported for purpose H, P and T, equating to approximately 91 individuals. The number of trophies reported in 2014 was 32% lower than that reported in 2013, and part of a trend in declining trophy imports since 2009. The main exporters of [i]H. amphibius[/i] trophies and trophy parts were South Africa (32%), Tanzania (32%) and Zimbabwe (23%). | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 68, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe on 28/05/2014. The species has been subject to scrutiny as part of the CITES Review of Significant Trade Process (AC25 Doc.9.4 Annex). In 2014 Tanzania published an export quota for 10 598 kg of teeth and hunting trophies from 1 200 animals. [i]H. amphibius[/i] hunting trophies are subject to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97, as per Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/870. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Pecari tajacu[/i] (Collared peccary) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 primarily comprised 25 325 skins from Peru for commercial purpose. Imports of skins in 2014 represented an increase of 26% relative to 2013, but remained lower than annual trade levels reported 2005-2010. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 62, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Peru on 07/12/2012. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Tayassu pecari[/i] (White-lipped peccary) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010♦, 2011♦, 2012♦, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 solely comprised 1854 skins from Peru for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins decreased by 22% relative to 2013, to the lowest levels reported in the ten-year period. | [l]The population of Peru was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 16/02/2010. [i]T. pecari[/i] (all range States) was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (AC27 WG1 Doc.1). Peru provided a response to Secretariat consultation in 2015 (AC28 Doc. 94 Rev.2). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Lycalopex griseus[/i] (South American grey fox) | [l]LC | [l]High volume♦ | [l]2010♦, 2011♦, 2012♦, 2013♦ | [l]In 2014, imports principally comprised 19 273 wild-sourced skins from Argentina for commercial purposes. This changed little from 2013 imports, but maintained an overall decreasing trend in wild-sourced skins into the EU during 2005-2014. | [l]The population of Argentina was reviewed for SRG 18, SRG 40 and SRG 46, following which positive opinions were formed on 07/11/2000, 27/03/2007 and 02/12/2008. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Lynx canadensis[/i] (Canada lynx) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010♦, 2011♦, 2012♦, 2013 | [l]In 2014 wild-sourced imports primarily comprised 9 161 wild-sourced skins, the majority of which were imported from Canada (99%) for commercial purposes. The import of wild-sourced skins was 34% higher than in 2013. | [l]The SRG confirmed a positive opinion for wild specimens from Canada on 27/03/2007. The population from the United States was reviewed for SRG 62, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 07/12/2012. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Lynx rufus[/i] (Bobcat) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010♦, 2011♦, 2012, 2013♦ | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 primarily comprised 16 036 skins, the majority of which were imported from USA (72%) and the remainder from Canada. Over 99% of imported skins were for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2014 showed a 29% decrease relative to 2013. In addition, nine wild-sourced trophies reported as purpose H, P and T were imported in 2014. | [l]The SRG confirmed positive opinions for both the United States and Canada on 27/03/2007 and CoP15 Prop. 2 noted that the species status was considered to be secure, with stable or increasing populations. |
| [l]B | [l]III | [l][i]Odobenus rosmarus[/i] (Walrus) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT), Sharp increase | [l]2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 mainly comprised trophy parts (65 tusks, 17 skulls, one skin and one tooth) and 27 kg of skins primarily for commercial purposes (with a small volume of trade reported as H and P). The majority of trade in 2014 was imported from Canada,. Trade that can be readily equated to whole individuals (skins, skulls, teeth, tusks) in 2014 was 17% higher than in 2013. | [l]Reviewed at SRG 46, following which a positive opinion was formed for Canada (02/12/2008). The 4.6(b) import suspension for wild-sourced trade from Greenland that was introduced on 03/09/2008 remains valid (last confirmed on 28/05/2015). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Equus zebra hartmannae[/i] (Hartmann’s mountain zebra) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 principally comprised skins traded for purposes H, P and T. Combining trophy items and trophies equated to approximately 773 individuals (676 skins, 92 trophies and five skulls). Almost all were imported into the EU from Namibia. A permit analysis revealed three cases where multiple trophy items were exported on the same export permit, potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 770, remaining stable compared to imports in 2013. | [l]The SRG formed a positive opinion for [i]E. zebra hartmannae[/i] from Namibia on 02/12/2008. E. zebra hartmannae was also reviewed as a case study as part of a report on hunting trophies for SRG 65. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Loxodonta africana[/i] (African elephant) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports of Annex B [i]L. africana[/i] in 2014 primarily comprised trophies and trophy parts reported as purpose H or T. These equated to approximately 141 individuals (18 ears, 44 feet, 7 skins, 10 skulls, 14 tails, 43 trophies and 86 tusks). The top exporters of trophies and trophy parts were Zimbabwe (40%) as well as Botswana (22%), Namibia (22%) and South Africa (16%). A permit analysis revealed a number of cases where multiple trophy parts were exported on the same export permit, potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 104; the lowest volume of imports of trophy items reported for the 2005-2014 period. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 59 and 68. A positive opinion for wild-sourced trade from Zimbabwe was formed at SRG 59 on 23/02/2012 and confirmed on 28/05/2014 and 03/09/2014. A positive opinion for wild-sourced trophies from Zimbabwe was formed at SRG 71 on 09/04/2015 and confirmed on 15/09/2015. Previous positive opinion for trophies from Botswana, Namibia and South Africa was made on 11/11/1997. A positive opinion for wild-sourced trade from Botswana was applied on 23/02/2012 and most recently confirmed on 03/09/2014. A positive opinion for wild-sourced trade from Namibia and South Africa was made at SRG 59 on 23/02/2012. The positive opinion was confirmed for South Africa on 28/05/2014 following SRG 68. |
| ANNEX B: BIRDS | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Phoeniconaias minor[/i] (Lesser flamingo) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT); sharp increase | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 solely comprised 60 live individuals from Tanzania for commercial purposes. No other imports of [i]P. minor[/i] have been reported since 2005 when 303 live wild-sourced individuals were imported from Tanzania for commercial purposes. | [l]Long-standing positive opinions for various countries including Tanzania were removed on 02/12/2011 and replaced with a no opinion i), based on no recent trade to the EU. A quota of 1600 live, wild-taken individuals was published by Tanzania in 2014, of which imports to the EU accounted for 4%. |
| ANNEX B: REPTILES | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i] (American alligator) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, wild-sourced imports (including small volume of trade from ranched and unknown sources) primarily comprised of skins imported for commercial purposes (339 318). Trade in 2014 increased by 24% compared to 2013 reaching the highest annual volume of EU imports during the period 2005-2014. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 41 and a positive opinion was confirmed for the United States, the only range State, on 14/09/2007 . |
| [l]B | [l]I/II | [l][i]Caiman crocodilus[/i] (Spectacled caiman) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2011, 2012♦, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports of Annex B specimens in 2014 (including the subspecies C. crocodilus crocodilus and C. crocodilus yacare and C. crocodilus fuscus) primarily comprised 73 099 skins for commercial purposes, the majority of which were imported from Bolivia (60%) with the remainder from Venezuela (39%) and Paraguay (<1%). Imports of skins (including wild-sourced and ranched) increased by 26% relative to 2013. | [l]The SRG formed a positive opinion for Venezuela on 14/09/2007. The species was reviewed for SRG 63 and 70, following which a positive opinion was formed for C. c. yacare from Bolivia on 07/02/2013 and a positive opinion was formed for C. c. crocodilus from Guyana on 08/12/2014. |
| [l]A/B | [l]I/II | [l][i]Melanosuchus niger[/i](Black caiman) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT), Sharp increase | [l]2013 | [l]In 2014, 100 wild-sourced skins were exported from Brazil to Italy for commercial purposes, almost double the number of [i]M. niger[/i] skins imported in 2013. With the exception of 10 wild-sourced skins, two live, ranched animals and 2 wild-sourced large leather products reported in 2008 and 2009, no other trade in M. niger was reported prior to 2013. | [l] |
| [l]A/B | [l]I/II | [l][i]Crocodylus niloticus[/i] (Nile crocodile) | [l]LC | [l]High volume, Sharp increase | [l]2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 principally involved ranched skins (80 908) for commercial purposes. Imports of skins in 2014 were almost double those reported in 2013; which in turn was previously the highest volume of trade reported during the 2005-2014 period. Almost all imports of [i]C. niloticus[/i] skins in 2014 were from Zimbabwe (98%). In addition to imports of skins, 48 230 kg of C. niloticus meat was imported from Zimbabwe in 2014 for commercial purposes. | [l]This species was reviewed for SRG 74 and a positive opinion was formed for wild trophies and trade from ranched sources on 25/01/2016. This opinion was confirmed on 27/06/2016. In 2014, Zimbabwe published a quota for 200 sports hunted specimens. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Kinyongia fischeri[/i] (Fischer’s chameleon) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2013 | [l]In 2014, 583 live, wild-sourced individuals were imported from Tanzania for commercial purposes. Imports in 2014 represented a decrease of 13% compared to 2013, and continued an overall trend in declining imports of [i]K. fischeri[/i] into the EU 2005-2014. | [l][i]K. fischeri[/i] was reviewed for SRG 74 on 15/12/2015, following which a negative opinion for wild-sourced trade from Tanzania replaced a former no opinion iii). In 2014, Tanzania published quotas for 3 000 live wild-taken specimens and 10 captive-born (source F) specimens. K. fischeri was subject to a taxonomic change at CoP15 (formerly Bradypodion fischeri). K. fischeri was included in the Review of Significant Trade at CoP15 and trade from Tanzania was categorised as of urgent concern. Tanzania was retained in the review following AC26 and did not respond to the Secretariats consultation of June 2014 (AC28 Doc 9.3 (Rev.1).). All exports from Tanzania were subsequently suspended on 16/03/2016 following SC66. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Kinyongia tavetana[/i] (Mount Kilimanjaro two-horned chameleon) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2013 | [l]In 2014, imports of [i]K. tavetana[/i] comprised 332 live, wild-sourced imported from Tanzania for commercial purposes. Imports in 2014 remained constant compared to 2013, and continued an overall trend in declining imports of K. tavetana into the EU 2005-2014. | [l][i]K. tavetana[/i] was reviewed for SRG 74 on 15/12/2015, following which a negative opinion for wild-sourced trade from Tanzania replaced a former no opinion iii). In 2014, Tanzania published quotas for 3 000 live wild-taken specimens and 90 captive-born (source F) specimens. K. tavetana was subject to a taxonomic change at CoP15 (formerly Bradypodion tavetanum). K. tavetana was included in the Review of Significant Trade at CoP15 and trade from Tanzania was categorised as possible concern. Tanzania was retained in the review following AC26 and did not respond to the Secretariats consultation of June 2014 (AC28 Doc 9.3 (Rev.1).). All exports from Tanzania were subsequently suspended on 16/03/2016 following SC66. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Tupinambis merianae[/i] (Argentine black and white tegu) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2012, 2013 | [l]Imports in 2014 principally comprised 27 020 wild-sourced skins imported from Argentina for commercial purposes, representing a decrease of 8% compared to 2013. | [l]The SRG formed a positive opinion for Argentina on 27/03/2007. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Varanus niloticus[/i] (Nile monitor) | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 principally consisted of 38 850 skins from Mali (70%), Chad (29%) and Sudan (1%) for commercial purposes. In addition, 212 live wild-sourced individuals were imported in 2014, also for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2014 increased by 44% relative to 2013, the second consecutive year that imports of wild-sourced skins have increased. However, imports in 2014 remained much lower than levels reported 2005-2008. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 44 on 26/05/2008, following which positive opinions were either confirmed (Chad) or formed (Mali and Sudan [prior to secession to South Sudan]) for these range States . |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Varanus salvator[/i] (Water monitor) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 primarily comprised 55 616 skins, imported from Indonesia (89%) or Malaysia (11%) for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2014 increased by 5% relative to 2013 to the highest level reported since 2005 (84 515 skins). Other trade comprised 188 live wild-sourced individuals imported for commercial purposes from Indonesia, the third lowest year over the ten year period. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 41 and populations from China, India and Singapore were reviewed for SRG 54. A positive opinion was confirmed for Indonesia on 29/02/2008. A former positive opinion for wild specimens from Malaysia was replaced by a no opinion ii) for wild-sourced specimens of the genus [i]Varanus[/i] on 25/01/2016 (last confirmed on 27/06/2016). In 2014, Indonesia published a quota for 5400 live individuals and 426 600 skins and skin products/live. In 2014 Malaysia published quotas for 18 000 live, wild-taken from Peninsular Malaysia and 165 000 skins, wild-taken from Peninsular Malaysia. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Python reticulatus[/i] (Reticulated python) | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011♦, 2012♦, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 principally comprised of 38 328 skins and 15 875 small leather products almost all of which were imported from Indonesia for commercial purposes (>99%). Imports of skins in 2014 were 20% higher than in 2013, but did not differ substantially from the mean number of imported skins across the 2005-2014 period. | [l]The population from Indonesia was reviewed for SRG 62, following which the positive opinion for wild specimens from Indonesia was removed on 07/12/2012, but re-formed on 28/05/2013 and last confirmed on 09/04/2015. The species, including populations from Indonesia, was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP15, following which the population in Indonesia was categorised as Least Concern. In 2014, Indonesia published an export quota for 157 500 ‘skins and skin products/live’ and 4 500 live. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Chelonoidis denticulata[/i] (Brazilian giant tortoise) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2014, 60 wild-sourced live individuals were imported from Suriname for commercial purposes. This was almost double the number imported in 2013, but remained much lower than levels reported 2006-2009. | [l]The population from Suriname was reviewed for SRG 59 and a positive opinion was formed on 23/02/2012. In 2014 Suriname published export quotas for 692 live, wild-sourced individuals. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Kinixys erosa[/i] (Forest hinged tortoise) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT) | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 comprised 80 live individuals from Ghana (69%) or Benin (31%) for commercial purposes. No imports of [i]K. erosa[/i] were reported in 2013, but imports of wild-sourced live individuals were 70% higher than in 2012. | [l]A positive opinion for wild specimens from Ghana was formed on 12/03/2009. The population in Benin was reviewed for SRG 35, following which a no opinion i) for wild and ranched was formed on 20/12/2005 and last confirmed on 03/12/2010. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Kinixys homeana[/i] (Home’s hinge-back tortoise) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, 150 live, ranched individuals were imported into the EU from Togo for commercial purposes, a decrease of 30% compared to 2013. | [l]The population from Togo was reviewed for SRG 35. A 4.6(b) import suspension has been in place for wild specimens since 03/09/2008 and for ranched specimens >8 cm straight carapace length since 10/09/2012. A positive opinion for ranched individuals with ?8 cm snout-vent length was confirmed for Togo on 15/09/2008, then replaced by a negative opinion for all ranched specimens on 15/12/2015. The species, including populations from Togo, was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP15. Togo was categorised as Possible Concern. Recommendations to Togo included providing information on status, distribution (including extent in protected areas), confirmation that quotas will not be increased, details of non-detriment findings for wild and ranched exports, details of ranching facilities and control measures to differentiate between ranched and wild exports (AC27 WG1 Doc.1). Togo did not respond to the Secretariats consultation of June 2014 (AC28 Doc 9.3 (Rev.1)) Togo published an export quota for 2 000 ranched and 500 wild-taken animals in 2014, EU imports accounted for 8% of the quota for ranched individuals. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Testudo horsfieldii[/i] (Afghan tortoise) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, imports comprised 50 844 live individuals from Uzbekistan for commercial purposes, of which 68% were ranched and the remainder were wild-sourced. Total imports of live [i]T. horsfieldii[/i] showed an overall increasing trend 2005-2014, with imports in 2014 showing a slight increase compared to 2013 (2% for ranched and 7% for wild-sourced individuals respectively). | [l]The population from Uzbekistan was reviewed for SRG 45 and 53 and discussed at SRG 70. The SRG formed a positive opinion for wild specimens from Uzbekistan on 26/09/2006; this was confirmed for wild and ranched specimens on 14/09/2010. A positive opinion for ranched specimens with a plastron length of <8cm was formed on 8/12/2014. There is a no opinion i) for source F specimens from Uzbekistan with carapace length 6-8 cm, formed on 27/02/2014. Following CoP14, the species was selected under the Review of Significant Trade. At AC25, Uzbekistan was categorised as of Possible Concern; following information provided by Uzbekistan, this species-country combination was removed from the process. In 2014, Uzbekistan published export quotas for live, ranched (50 000) and wild-sourced (50 000) individuals, of which imports by the EU represented 69% and 33%, respectively. |
| ANNEX B: AMPHIBIANS | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Oophaga sylvatica[/i] | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2014, 41 live, ranched individuals were imported into the EU from Ecuador for commercial purposes. No other imports of [i]O. sylvatica[/i] was reported 2005-2013. | [l][i]O. sylvatica[/i] was reviewed for SRG 68 on 28/05/2014, following which a positive opinion for wild-sourced trade from Ecuador replaced a no opinion ii). This positive opinion was confirmed on 15/09/2015. |
| ANNEX B: FISH | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Lamna nasus[/i] (Mackerel shark) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT); sharp increase | [l] | [l]Imports in 2014 comprised 24 873 kg of wild-sourced meat, the vast majority imported from Japan (96%) and the remainder from Norway. All trade was for commercial purposes. No imports of [i]L. nasus[/i] were reported prior to 2014. | [l][i]L. nasus[/i] was listed in Appendix III on 25/09/2012, then uplisted to Appendix II on 12/06/2013 (coming into effect on 14/09/2014). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Polyodon spathula[/i] (Paddlefish) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Imports in 2014 solely comprised 981 kg of wild-sourced caviar from the USA for commercial purposes. Trade increased by 17% compared to 2013, but remained lower than levels reported 2005-2011. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 44 and a positive opinion was re-confirmed for the United States on 12/03/2009. The conservation and trade of Acipenseriformes are discussed at each meeting of the Animals Committee in accordance with Resolution 12.7 (Rev. CoP16). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i] (European eel) | [l]CR | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2012◊ | [l]In 2014, 172 live, wild-sourced individuals were imported into Germany from the sea for scientific purposes. With the exception of high levels of live, wild-sourced A. anguilla (reported by weight and by number) imported into the EU for commercial purposes in 2009 and 2010, the only other imports of live, wild-sourced A. anguilla were 42 animals for scientific purposes in 2011. | [l]Zero export quotas have been in place for wild-taken A. anguilla from EU range states since 2010, with negative opinions in place for all non-EU range states (with the exception of Tunisia which published a quota of 135 000 kg wild taken A. anguilla in 2014). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Arapiama gigas[/i] (Arapaima) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT); sharp increase | [l] | [l]Imports in 2014 principally comprised 728 wild-sourced skins from Brazil for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2014 were over 13 times higher than 2013. No trade in [i]A. gigas[/i] was reported 2005-2008, while trade reported 2008-2011 comprised meat reported by weight. Since 2012 all trade has been in skins, leather products or skin pieces. | [l]The population of Brazil was reviewed for SRG 74, following which a no opinion ii) was formed on 25/01/2016. |
| [l]A/B | [l]II | [l][i]Hippocampus reidi[/i] (Longsnout seahorse) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2013 | [l]In 2014, 150 live, wild-sourced individuals were imported into the UK from Brazil for commercial purposes. Imports of live [i]H. reidi[/i] decreased by 42% relative to 2013, continuing a year-on-year decrease since 2011 to their lowest level since 2006. | [l] |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Hippocampus zosterae[/i] (Dwarf seahorse) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2013 | [l]In 2014, 220 live, wild-sourced individuals were imported into the EU from the USA for commercial purposes, remaining consistent compared to 2013. | [l] |
| ANNEX B: INVERTEBRATES (NON CORAL) | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Tridacna maxima[/i] (Small giant clam) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports of [i]Tridanca maxima[/i] in 2014 almost entirely comprised 4871 live clams traded for commercial purposes. French Polynesia was the main exporter (89%), with the remainder exported by Sudan (10%) and Australia (1%). The import of live, wild-sourced T. maxima in 2014 increased by 75% relative to 2013 to their highest level over the period 2005-2014. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 70, and the positive opinion for French Polynesia was confirmed on 08/12/2014. A no opinion ii) for Sudan was formed on 27/02/2014, replacing a no opinion i) from 02/11/2011. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Tridacna squamosa[/i] (Fluted giant clam) | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Imports in 2014 comprised 100 wild-sourced live individuals from Australia for commercial purposes and 200 specimens for scientific purposes from Mozambique. Prior to 2014, the only other trade in live [i]T. squamosa[/i] for the period was in 2011 (20 clams). | [l]The species (all range states) was reviewed for SRG 58 following which a no opinion i) for Australia for wild specimens was formed on 02/12/2011. The species is part of CITES Review of Significant Trade, with ongoing actions for Solomon Islands (AC28 Doc. 9.3). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Strombus gigas[/i] (Queen conch) | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Imports in 2014 principally comprised 406 408 kg of wild-sourced meat from Jamaica for commercial purposes. Imports of meat increased by 20% compared to 2013 to the highest level since 2009. | [l]The population from Jamaica was reviewed for SRG 48 following which a positive opinion was formed on 30/06/2009. [i]S. gigas[/i] from range States with long-standing positive opinions was reviewed for SRG 63. The species was included under the Review of Significant Trade process following CoP11; only Grenada and Haiti remain in the process (Notif. No. 2016/018). In 2014 Jamaica published an export quota for 400 000 kg meat, with EU imports representing 102% of this quota. A permit analysis identified 64 368 kg of meat that were imported on export permits issued in 2013, bringing EU imports from Jamaica in 2014 under quota. |
| ANNEX B: CORALS | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Acropora hyacinthus[/i] (Brush coral) | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2012 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 were primarily 628 raw corals imported from the Solomon Islands for commercial purposes and 1850 specimens from French Polynesia for scientific purposes. Imports of wild-sourced raw corals in 2014 were almost four times greater than in 2013, reaching their highest level in the 2005-2014 time period. | [l]The population from the Solomon Islands was most recently reviewed for SRG 71, following which a positive opinion for [i]Acropora[/i] spp. was formed on 09/04/2015. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, Acropora is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable (CITES Notification No. 2013/035). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Montipora capricornis[/i] (Leaf-plate montipora) | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Imports in 2014 comprised 557 raw corals from Solomon Islands for commercial purposes. No other trade in raw [i]M. capricornis[/i] was reported 2005-2014; low levels of live corals were imported 2005-2007. | [l] |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Pachyseris rugosa[/i] (Castle coral) | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 comprised of 183 live individuals from Fiji, and 462 raw corals from the Solomon Islands , all imported into the EU for commercial purposes. Imports in 2014 were the highest reported for the 2005-2014 time period for both live and raw corals; imports of live corals doubled between 2013 and 2014, while raw coral imports showed increase of almost tenfold. | [l]This species was reviewed for SRG 53, and a positive opinion for Fiji was formed on 14/09/2010 (last confirmed 25/01/2016). As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, [i]Pachyseris[/i] is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable (CITES Notification No. 2013/035). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Catalaphyllia jardinei[/i] (Elegant coral) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, imports comprised 25 119 live wild-sourced individuals, the vast majority of which were imported from Australia (>99%) for commercial purposes. Imports in 2014 were 32% higher than in 2013, but remained below levels reported in 2011 and 2012. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11).The SRG formed a positive opinion for wild specimens from Australia on 03/12/2010 (confirmed 20/06/2011). [i]C. jardinei[/i](all range States) was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP15 (AC26 Doc 12.3). Following AC26, only Fiji was retained in the process, and was subsequently categorised as Least Concern (AC27 Doc 12.4). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Euphyllia ancora[/i] (Anchor coral) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 primarily comprised 14 233 live individuals from Australia (58%) and Indonesia (42%), for commercial purposes. Imports in 2014 remained relatively constant compared to levels in 2013. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11). A positive opinion was formed for Australia on 20/06/2011 and confirmed on 07/11/2014; the SRG also formed a positive opinion for Euphyllia spp. at genus level on 07/11/2014. Indonesia currently has a positive opinion for live, wild-sourced E. ancora and a no opinion i) for wild-sourced raw corals of Euphyllia spp., formed on 07/11/2014; previously there was a positive opinion for E. ancora formed on 15/05/2002 and confirmed on 30/06/2009. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, Euphyllia is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable for raw corals (live to be identified to species level). In 2014, export quotas were published for Indonesia for 20 000 live, wild-taken individuals, with imports to the EU representing 59% of this quota. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Euphyllia paraancora[/i] (Branching anchor coral) | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Imports in 2014 consisted of 1258 wild-sourced live individuals imported for commercial purposes, the vast majority of which were from Australia (98%). Imports of wild-sourced live [i]E. paraancora[/i] were more than six times greater than 2013, reaching their highest level over the period 2005-2014. | [l]As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, [i]Euphyllia[/i] is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable for raw corals (live to be identified to species level). Coral species where identification to genus level is acceptable for trade purposes were reviewed for SRG 69. Following which, a positive opinion for the genus Euphyllia for Australia was formed on 07/11/2014. A 4.6(b) import suspension for live wild-sourced corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates for Indonesia was published on 28/05/2015. In 2014, Indonesia published a quota for 3000 live, wild-sourced corals, with imports from the EU representing 1%. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Pocillopora damicornis[/i] (Cauliflower coral) | [l] | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 comprised 640 live and 651 raw corals. All raw corals were imported for commercial purposes; live corals were primarily imported for commercial purposes (70%), with the remainder imported for scientific purposes. Live coral was primarily imported from Australia (70%) and Oman (28%), and was 12% lower than imports in 2013, and 85% lower than trade levels in 2005. All raw corals imported into the EU in 2014 were from the Solomon Islands and total levels in 2014 were almost double those reported in 2013, reaching their highest level during the period 2005-2014. | [l]The populations in Australia and Oman were reviewed for SRG 58 on 02/12/2011, following which the former positive opinions were replaced by no opinion i). On 07/11/2014, a no opinion i) was set at the genus level for Oman, and a positive opinion was formed at the genus level for Australia. The genus [i]Pocillopora[/i] around the Solomon Islands was reviewed for SRG 71 on 09/04/2015, following which a former positive opinion was replaced with a no opinion ii) at the genus level. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, Pocillopora is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable for raw corals (live to be identified to species level). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Pocillopora eydouxi[/i] (Antler coral) | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2014, 1095 wild-sourced, raw corals were imported into the EU from the Solomon Islands for commercial purposes, an increase of over 8 fold compared to 2013. | [l]The genus [i]Pocillopora[/i] around the Solomon Islands was reviewed for SRG 71 on 09/04/2015, following which a former positive opinion was replaced with a no opinion ii) at the genus level. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, Pocillopora is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable for raw corals (live to be identified to species level). |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Goniopora stokesi[/i] (Flowerpot coral) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Imports in 2014 consisted of 11 950 wild-sourced live corals imported for commercial purposes from Indonesia (93%) or Australia. Imports of live, wild-sourced corals decreased by 9% compared to 2013. | [l]The population from Indonesia was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Indonesia on 16/02/2010. The SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in [i]Goniopora[/i] spp. at genus level from Indonesia on 08/12/2014, which was confirmed on 09/04/2015. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, Goniopora is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable. In 2014, Indonesia published an export quota for 39 000 live, wild-sourced pieces each at species and at genus level, of which imports by the EU reported at species level represented 28%. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Trachyphyllia geoffroyi[/i] (Crater coral) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 almost entirely comprised of live corals (13 961), which were primarily imported from Australia (97%) for commercial purposes Imports of live, wild-sourced corals decreased by 10% in 2014 relative to 2013. | [l]The Australian population was reviewed for SRG 56 and a positive opinion was formed on 20/06/2011. [i]T. geoffroyi[/i] was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP15. Only Singapore and the Solomon Islands were retained in the review (AC27 Doc.12.4 (Rev.1)). |
| ANNEX B: PLANTS | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Galanthus elwesii[/i] (Giant snowdrop) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, imports comprised of 4 402 412 live, wild-sourced plants imported from Turkey for commercial purposes. Imports in 2014 were over 1.5 times greater than in 2013, reaching their highest level since 2007. | [l]The population from Turkey was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 16/02/2010. [i]G. elwesii[/i] was included in the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (PC21 WG2 Doc.1 and PC21 Sum.4). Turkey was reported to have provided a response at PC22. In 2014 Turkey published export quotas for 5 million wild-taken bulbs, and 1.5 million artificially propagated bulbs. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Galanthus woronowii[/i] (Green snowdrop) | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, trade comprised of 6 408 114 live, wild-sourced individuals imported from Georgia (66%) or Turkey (34%) for commercial purposes. All imports during the period 2005-2014 were live plants, almost exclusively for purpose T (>99%). | [l]The SRG formed positive opinions for this species from Georgia on 30/06/2009 (with a quota of 15 million bulbs) and from Turkey on 16/02/2010. [i]G. woronowii[/i] was included in the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP12; Georgia complied with recommendations of the Plants Committee, including establishing a conservative export quota, and was subsequently removed from the process (SC59 Doc 14.1, PC22 Doc 11.2). In 2014 Georgia and Turkey published export quotas for 15 million and 3.5 million wild-taken bulbs respectively. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Euphorbia antisyphilitica[/i] (Candelilla) | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, 336 875 kg wild-sourced wax was imported into the EU from Mexico for commercial purposes. Imports in 2014 were 10% lower than in 2013, and continued an overall trend in declining imports of [i]E. antisyphilitica[/i] wax since 2010. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 41, with information provided by Mexico for SRG 44, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Mexico on 26/05/2008. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Cyclamen cilicium[/i] | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, the Netherlands imported 25 630 live, wild-sourced individuals from Turkey for commercial purposes. Imports of live plants in 2014 were 42% lower than in 2013. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion for Turkey was confirmed on 16/02/2010. In 2014 Turkey published export quotas for 100 000 wild-taken tubers, and 200 000 artificially propagated tubers. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Cyclamen coum[/i] | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, the Netherlands imported 230 748 live, wild-sourced individuals, all of which were imported from Turkey for commercial purposes, a decrease of 11% relative to 2013. During the period 2005-2014, 96% of EU imports were exported by Turkey, with 4% exported by Georgia (exclusively during 2005-2006). | [l]The population from Turkey was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 16/02/2010. In 2014 Turkey published export quotas for 600 000 wild-taken tubers, and 150 000 artificially propagated tubers. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Aloe ferox[/i] (Cape aloe) | [l]- | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, wild-sourced imports (including a small number reported without a source code) primarily comprised 159 928 kg of extract; the vast majority of which was imported from South Africa for commercial purposes (>99%). Imports of extract reported by weight in 2014 increased by 28% relative to 2013. In addition, 5760 litres and 744 units of extract were imported in 2014. | [l]The population from South Africa was reviewed for SRG 59, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 23/02/2012. |
| ANNEX B: TIMBER | |||||||
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Pericopsis elata[/i] (African teak) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, wild-sourced imports comprised 6090 m3 timber imported into the EU for commercial purposes. The majority was imported from Cameroon (75%) and the DRC (24%). Imports in 2014 decreased by 20% compared to the volume of timber reported in 2013, and continued an overall downward trend in EU imports since 2010. | [l][i]P. elata[/i] has been discussed at numerous SRGs, with ongoing consultations with DRC. In 2014, the relevant opinions for DRC were a no opinion ii) formed on 06/12/2013 (confirmed 27/02/2014 and 08/12/2014), with the annotation added at SRG 70 on 08/12/2014 that Imports can only be accepted from the 9 forestry titles for which management inventories have been submitted by companies to the DRC forestry administration before 31 October 2014, corresponding to an overall quota of 23 240 m3. Currently there is a positive opinion for DRC, covering imports from the 10 companies / 12 forestry concessions for which management inventories were submitted by companies to the DRC forestry administration, corresponding to an overall quota of 49 356 m³ (round wood equivalent) (SRG 76, 27/06/2016). The SRG confirmed a positive opinion for Cameroon on 12/03/2009.The species was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade process following CoP14; Cameroon was categorised as Least Concern and DRC as Possible Concern at the 19th meeting of the Plants Committee. Only Côte dIvoire remains in the RST process (PC22 Doc 11.2). In 2014 export quotas were published for Cameroon and DRC for 14 400 m3 sawn wood and 25 000 m3 logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets respectively. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Prunus africana[/i] (African cherry) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 comprised 1 335 890 kg bark, from Cameroon (78%), Uganda (14%) and the DRC (8%) for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced bark in 2014 increased by 44% relative to 2013; however levels remained much lower than peak trade reported in 2005 (2 498 627 kg). | [l][i]P. africana[/i] has been discussed at numerous SRGs. Uganda has had a positive opinion in place since 02/12/2008, updated most years to reflect the annual export quota (last confirmed 02/07/2015, for a Total annual quota of 176 179 kg of dry bark). Cameroon has had a positive opinion in place since 11/03/2011, with the annotation updated numerous times to reflect the annual export quota and the region specified on the export permit (last confirmed on 02/07/2015, applicable to a total annual export quota of 974 853 kg of dry bark divided between 6 regions); in addition, a no opinion ii) has been in place since 02/07/2015 for dry bark from Mt Oshie region (last confirmed 27/06/2016), and a negative opinion from 30/11/2009 remains in place for any trade where conditions under the subsequent positive opinions are not met. The DRC has had a positive opinion in place since 30/11/2012, with the annotation updated numerous times to reflect the annual export quota and the region specified on the export permit (last confirmed 07/03/2016, applicable to a total annual quota of 231 860 kg of dry bark divided between 4 regions). P. africana was included in the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP11 and CoP16, with ongoing actions for many countries including Cameroon, Uganda and DRC (PC22 Doc 11.2). In 2014 Cameroon published an export quota for 974 853 kg of dry bark, with EU imports accounting for 107%; a permit analysis revealed 130 000 kg of bark were imported on export permits issued in 2013, bringing imports to the EU from Cameroon under the 2014 quota. DRC published a quota for 102 000 kg of dry bark of which imports by the EU accounted for >99%. Uganda published a quota for 176 179 kg dry bark in 2014, of which EU imports accounted for 107%. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Gonystylus[/i] spp. (Ramin) | [l]VU (15 spp.) | [l]High volume | [l]2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports of Gonystylus spp. in 2014 (as reported at the genus level) comprised 1294 m3 of timber from Malaysia for commercial purposes. Imports were also reported at the species level for G. bancanus, which comprised of 111 m3 of wild-sourced timber from Malaysia for commercial purposes. The volume of timber imports of Gonystylus spp. reported at the genus level increased 4% relative to 2013, while imports of G. bancanus increased by approximately five-fold compared to 2013. | [l]The genus was reviewed for SRG 47, following which a positive opinion for [i]Gonystylus[/i] spp. from Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah & Sarawak) was confirmed on 12/03/2009. Malaysia published an export quota 10000 m3 parts and derivatives from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah in 2014. |
| [l]B | [l]II | [l][i]Bulnesia sarmientoi[/i] (Holy wood) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, wild-sourced imports primarily comprised extract (66 260 kg), timber (10 000 kg) and oil (44 720 kg), all of which was imported from Paraguay for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced extract reported by weight were more than 2.5 times higher than in 2013, representing the highest level of trade over the ten-year period. Imports of timber (kg) were over ten times greater than in 2013; but remained below levels reported in 2009 and 2010 (13 020 and 28 976 kg, respectively). This species was listed in Annex C (Argentina) in 2008, and in Appendix II and Annex B in 2010. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 56 and has been discussed at numerous SRG meetings including SRGs 65-71; a positive opinion for Paraguay formed on 28/04/2014 was confirmed on 27/06/2016. [i]B. sarmientoi[/i] was included in the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (PC21 WG2 Doc.1 and PC21 Sum.4), following which Paraguay has submitted an NDF (PC22 Doc. 12.2). In 2014, Paraguay published quotas of 250 000 kg of extract and 1 400 000 kg of wood of which imports by the EU accounted for 27% and 1% respectively. |
| ANNEX C: REPTILES | |||||||
| [l]C | [l]III | [l][i]Graptemys oculifera[/i] (Ring map turtle) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT); Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2014, 400 live individuals were imported from the USA, without a purpose or source specified. No trade was reported during 2005-2013. | [l][i]G. oculifera[/i] was listed in Appendix III by the USA on 14/06/2006 under the genus listing Graptemys spp. |
| [l]C | [l]III | [l][i]Mauremys reevesii[/i] (Reeve’s turtle) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, imports comprised 6 000 live individuals without a source or purpose specified, imported from China. Imports of live [i]M. reevesii[/i] doubled between 2013 and 2014. | [l][i]M. reevesii[/i] was listed in Appendix III by China on 17/02/2005. |
| [l]C | [l]III | [l][i]Mauremys sinensis[/i] (Chinese stripe-necked turtle) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT); sharp increase | [l]2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]In 2014, imports solely comprised 31 000 live individuals, without a source or purpose specified, imported from China. The majority of imports of [i]M. sinensis[/i] reported since its listing in Appendix III (China) in 2005 have been reported with an unknown source or a source not specified. Imports of live individuals have been variable since 2005; live imports in 2014 increased by more than six-fold relative to 2013 to their highest levels over the period 2005-2014. | [l]Whilst listed in Annex C (hence SRG opinions are not applicable), the species was reviewed for SRG 62 to assess whether it might merit listing in Annex B. It was considered that the criteria for listing in Annex B may not be met. |
Key: * ‘CR’ = Critically Endangered, ‘EN’ = Endangered, ‘VU’= Vulnerable, ‘NT’= Near Threatened, ‘LC’ = Least Concern, ‘DD’ = Data Deficient, ‘-’ = not yet assessed for the IUCN Red List. ** ‘GT’ = Globally Threatened. Species were considered globally threatened if they were classified as CR, EN, VU, NT or DD on the IUCN Red List. ◊ = met the criteria based on candidate countries’ trade only; ♦ = met the criteria based on both EU and candidate countries’ trade. † ’no opinion i)’ = no significant trade anticipated; ‘no opinion ii)’ = decision deferred; ‘no opinion iii)’ = referral to the SRG.
Taxa showing noteworthy patterns of candidate country-reported direct imports from wild, ranched, unknown and unspecified sources in 2014 according to the criteria: high volume of trade (globally threatened) and sharp increase in trade.
| Annex | Appendix | Taxon (Common name) | IUCN Red List status | Selection criteria | Previously selected (2010 onwards) | Summary of trade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANNEX A: BIRDS | ||||||
| A | [l]I | [l][i]Probosciger aterrimus[/i] (Palm cockatoo) | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2014, three live birds (reported as source unspecified) were imported by Turkey from Uzbekistan for commercial purposes. No other trade in [i]P. aterrimus [/i] was reported over the period 2005-2014. |
| ANNEX B: MAMMALS | ||||||
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Lycalopex culpaeus[/i] (Red fox) | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports of [i]L. culpaeus[/i] in 2014 comprised 2000 skins, imported by Turkey from Argentina for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins increased by more than 3-fold in 2014 compared to 2013 reaching their highest level over the ten year period 2005-2014; the second highest level was reported in 2008 (1842). |
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Lycalopex griseus[/i] (South American grey fox) | [l]LC | [l]High volume♦ | [l]2010♦, 2011♦, 2012♦, 2013♦ | [l]In 2014, Turkey reported the import of 10 200 wild-sourced skins of [i]L. griseus[/i], all of which were imported for commercial purposes from Argentina. Imports of wild-sourced skins fell by 71% between 2013 and 2014, continuing an overall decrease from a peak of 152 240 skins imported in 2007. |
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Lycalopex gymnocercus[/i] (Pampas fox) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2014 primarily consisted of 15 143 skins imported by Turkey from Argentina for commercial purposes, decreasing by almost half compared to 2013. |
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Lynx rufus[/i] (Bobcat) | [l]LC | [l]High volume; Sharp increase | [l]2010♦, 2011♦, 2012◊, 2013♦ | [l]In 2014, Turkey imported 7831 wild-sourced skins from the USA for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2014 increased by almost three-fold compared to 2013 reaching their highest level over the ten year period; prior to this the only imports of wild-sourced skins were in 2008 (57), 2011 (255) and 2013 (2704). |
| ANNEX B: BIRDS | ||||||
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Agapornis pullarius[/i] (Red-faced lovebird) | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2014, wild-sourced imports of A. pullarius comprised 260 live birds imported by Turkey for commercial purposes. The majority of the wild-sourced birds originated in Uganda (62%), with the remainder from Mali (38%). Imports of A. pullarius increased by 30% between 2013 and 2014, to the highest level in the period 2005-2014; prior to 2014 the only imports of wild-sourced live birds were in 2008 (50), 2011 (200) and 2013 (200). |
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Ramphastos tucanus[/i] (Red-billed toucan) | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2013 | [l]In 2014, 37 live, wild-sourced (and a small number reported without a source code) birds were imported by Turkey from Guyana for commercial purposes. Imports of live [i]R. tucanus[/i] increased by more than two and a half-fold in 2014 compared to 2013 to their highest level in the ten year period. |
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Ramphastos vitellinus[/i] (Channel-billed toucan) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT); sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2014, Turkey reported the import of 85 live, wild-sourced R. vitellinus most of which were for commercial purposes (76%) and the remainder imported for zoos (24%). The majority of live, wild-sourced birds were imported from Guyana (69%) while the remainder were imported from Suriname (31%). Imports of R. vitellinus increased by 17 fold in 2014 compared to 2013, reaching their highest level over the ten year period. |
| B | [l]II | [l][i]Psittacus erithacus[/i] (African grey parrot) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2011, 2012, 2013 | [l]Turkey reported the import of 9260 live, wild-sourced birds for commercial purposes in 2014. The majority were imported from in the DRC (68%) with the remainder imported from Cameroon (19%) and Mali (13%). Imports of live, wild-sourced birds increased by 42% between 2013 and 2014, to the highest level in the period 2005-2014. |
Key: * ‘CR’ = Critically Endangered, ‘EN’ = Endangered, ‘VU’ = Vulnerable, ‘NT’= Near Threatened, ‘LC’ = Least Concern, ‘DD’ = Data Deficient, ‘-’ = not yet assessed for the IUCN Red List. ** ‘GT’ = Globally Threatened. Species were considered globally threatened if they were classified as CR, EN, VU, NT or DD on the IUCN Red List. ◊ = met the criteria based on EU trade only; ♦ = met the criteria based on both EU and candidate countries’ trade.