Glossary

Codes for purpose of trade

Code Description
[l]B [l]Breeding in captivity or artificial propagation
[l]E [l]Educational
[l]G [l]Botanical gardens
[l]H [l]Hunting trophies
[l]L [l]Law enforcement/judicial/forensic
[l]M [l]Medical (including biomedical research)
[l]N [l]Reintroduction or introduction into the wild
[l]P [l]Personal
[l]Q [l]Circuses and travelling exhibitions
[l]S [l]Scientific
[l]T [l]Commercial / Trade
[l]Z [l]Zoos

Codes for source of specimens in trade

Code Description
[l]A [l]Annex A plants artificially propagated for non-commercial purposes and Annexes B and C plants artificially propagated in accordance with Chapter XIII of Regulation (EC) No 865/2006, as well as parts and derivatives thereof
[l]C [l]Annex A animals bred in captivity for non-commercial purposes and Annexes B and C animals bred in captivity in accordance with Chapter XIII of Regulation (EC) No 865/2006, as well as parts and derivatives thereof
[l]D [l]Annex A animals bred in captivity for commercial purposes and Annex A plants artificially propagated for commercial purposes in accordance with Chapter XIII of Regulation (EC) No 865/2006, as well as parts and derivatives thereof
[l]F [l]Animals born in captivity, but for which the criteria of Chapter XIII of Regulation (EC) No 865/2006 are not met, as well as parts and derivatives thereof
[l]I [l]Confiscated or seized specimens[1]
[l]O [l]Pre-Convention specimens[1]
[l]R [l]Specimens originating from a ranching operation
[l]U [l]Source unknown (must be justified)
[l]W [l]Specimens taken from the wild

[1]To be used only in conjunction with another source code

Terms used in the Analysis

Term Definition
[l]Annex A/B/C/D species [l]Species listed in the Annexes to the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations
[l]Appendix I/II/III species [l]Species listed in the CITES Appendices
[l]Article [l]Refers to an article in the CITES Convention text
[l]Captive-produced [l]Refers collectively to source codes ‘A’, ‘C’, ‘D’ and ‘F’ (a full list of sources is provided in Annex D)
[l]CITES [l]Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
[l]CITES-listed [l]Species listed in one of the Appendices to CITES
[l]Commodity [l]Item in trade (for example, “live animals”)
[l]EU [l]European Union
[l]Exporter [l]Country of export
[l]Importer [l]Country of import
[l]Member States [l]The 28 countries that were Member States of the European Union in 2014
[l]Species [l]For simplicity, the term “species” may be used to refer to a list of species and sub-species
[l]Term [l]The description of a particular item in trade, as reported in CITES annual reports (for example, “live” or “meat”), in accordance with Annex VII of Regulation (EC) No 865/2006
[l]Wildlife Trade Regulations [l]European Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 and subsequent updates

Country/territory name abbreviations used in the Analysis

Full name Abbreviated name
[l]Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela [l]Venezuela
[l]Democratic Republic of the Congo [l]DRC
[l]Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China [l]Hong Kong, SAR
[l]The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia [l]FYR Macedonia
[l]Plurinational State of Bolivia [l]Bolivia
[l]Russian Federation [l]Russia
[l]Taiwan province of China [l]Taiwan PoC
[l]United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [l]United Kingdom
[l]United Republic of Tanzania [l]Tanzania
[l]United States of America [l]United States